The impact of disease duration and glycemic control of type 1 diabetes mellitus on the lipid profile and intima-media thickness in children

D.I. Sadykova, M.R. Shaydullina, A.A. Aksenova, L.F. Galimova

1) Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia; 2) Children’s Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) is extremely common among children. Dyslipidemia in this disease is one of the key links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic complications. An increase in the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery is currently a marker of atherosclerosis not only in adults but also in children.
Objective: Evaluation of the lipid profile and IMT in children with DM1 depending on the disease duration and glycemic control.
Materials and methods: 58 children with an average age of 14 years were examined, of which 28 formed the control group, 30 formed the main group. The main group was divided by the duration of the disease and by glycated hemoglobin level. All subjects underwent anthropometry, lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin level assessment, and IMT of the common carotid artery was measured.
Results: The total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride levels in patients with DM1 were significantly higher than in the control group and depended on the glycated hemoglobin level, but did not depend on the duration of DM1. The IMT was higher in patients with DM1 than in the control group and depended on the total cholesterol and LDL levels and glycemic control.
Conclusion: In children with DM1, signs of vascular remodeling were established, characterized by thickening of the intima-media complex of the common carotid artery, depending on the duration of the disease, glycemic control, as well as the total cholesterol and LDL levels, as well as a violation of the lipid profile with poor glycemic control. The results demonstrate the importance of early diagnosis of atherosclerotic vascular lesions in children with DM1 and the importance of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism and normalization of the lipid profile in order to avoid atherosclerotic complications.

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About the Authors

Dinara I. Sadykova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics, Kazan State Medical University (Kazan), Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan, Chief Pediatric Cardiologist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in the Volga Federal District and the Republic of Tatarstan, General Director of the All-Russian Public Organization «Association of Pediatric Cardiologists of Russia», Russia; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6662-3548
Maria R. Shaydullina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor at the Department of Endocrinology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia;
zizi97@mail.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-5759, eLibrary SPIN 9051-2570
Anna A. Aksenova, Pediatric Endocrinologist, Children’s Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia; doc.annaalex@gmail.com, ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0827-6306 (corresponding author)
Liliya F. Galimova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Ultrasound Specialist, Head of the Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Children’s Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia; lilu1@inbox.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-5279

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