Diabetic retinopathy: epidemiological and organizational aspects, observation (literature review)

T.P. Demichevа

Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, Perm, Russia

At the present stage, the non-infectious epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM) has awakened the interest of researchers, specialists, and analysts of various profiles in its complications. The problems of microvascular complications are designated as medical, social, and economic. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the severe microvascular complications, the number of which at the beginning of 2023 was 706,407 thousand people. A screening study conducted in 16 regions of Russia showed that the actual number of patients with diabetes with eye complications is significantly higher than the official registry data. Many specialists are puzzled the scale of prevalence of negative outcomes of DR (disability and blindness), the complexity of pathology management. Taking into account the above, this review is devoted to the characteristics and assessment of the current state of diabetic retinopathy. Most researchers focus on the clinical and diagnostic aspects of the problem, which is quite justified. The publications describe modern methods of treatment and their effectiveness, prove the effectiveness of early diagnostics, the influence of risk factors. A number of works emphasize the negative aspects of organizational issues. Official statistics do not contain data on diabetic retinopathy, which makes it difficult to assess the level, dynamics of the forecast of epidemiological indicators necessary for taking effective measures to change the situation. This problem is solved with the help of the Federal Register of SD (FRSD). Meanwhile, the long-term work of legislators and government agencies on the development of regulatory legal acts, the creation of interdisciplinary approaches suggests the effectiveness of the steps taken.

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About the Authors

Tatyana P. Demicheva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Pharmacology, Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, Perm, Russia; demich-perm@mail.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5422-8700, eLibrary SPIN: 3743-3914

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