Gluten enteropathy: current views on the mechanisms of development, diagnosis, and therapy
Kashirskaya E.I., Antonova A.A., Cherkasov N.S., Boyko N.V.
Gluten enteropathy, or celiac disease, is an autoimmune enteropathy that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals as a result of an immune response to gluten. Its prevalence in the population in many regions of the world is approximately 1%. Improved understanding of pathogenesis, improved diagnostic methods, and increased clinical awareness have transformed the perception of the disease. Celiac disease has evolved from a rare enteropathy into a common multisystem disorder that can manifest at any age with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Currently, the classic clinical presentation with severe diarrhea and malnutrition is observed in only a minority of children. Increasingly, the disease presents with minimal nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms, extraintestinal manifestations, or is asymptomatic. Awareness of the polymorphism of the clinical presentation and a high level of diagnostic suspicion are essential for timely examination, diagnosis verification, and treatment.
This article presents an overview of current concepts of celiac disease, including its etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnostic methods. The following international and Russian databases were used for analysis: Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, and E-library.
For citations: Kashirskaya E.I., Antonova A.A., Cherkasov N.S., Boyko N.V. Gluten enteropathy: current views on the mechanisms of development, diagnosis, and therapy. Pharmateca. 2026;33(3):16-22. (In Russ.). DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/pharmateca.2026.3.16-22
Authors’ contribution: All authors contributed equally to the writing of this article.
Conflicts of interest: The authors confirm that they have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Funding: The study was conducted without any sponsorship.
Keywords
celiac disease
gluten
clinical manifestations
tissue transglutaminase antibodies
villous atrophy
gluten-free diet
About the Authors
Elena I. Kashirskaya, Associate Professor, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Neonatology, Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-543XAlena A. Antonova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Neonatology, Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia; fduecn-2010@mail.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2581-0408 (corresponding author)
Nikolay S. Cherkasov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Neonatology, Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia; kafedra271152@mail.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9532-6446
Natalya V. Boyko, Pediatrician, Specialized Infant Orphanage «Kapelka,» Astrakhan, Russia; bojko78@mail.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8226-5804
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