Immunopathogenetic features, diagnostics and prognosis in occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its comorbid forms

S.A. Babanov, L.A. Strizhakov, N.E. Lavrentyeva, V.S. Lotkov, M.Yu. Vostroknutova, I.N. Vasina, A.S. Babanov, M.S. Artemyeva

1) Samara State Medical University, Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology named after Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Professor V.V. Kosarev, Samara, Russia; 2) Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Medicine, Moscow, Russia; 3) Samara City Hospital No. 5, Samara, Russia; 4) Medical University “REAVIZ”, Samara, Russia

Background. Evaluation of clinical data, functional characteristics and immunopathogenesis of occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OCOPD) in its isolated and comorbid course opens up new possibilities in assessing the development, predicting the course characteristics and personalized approach to pharmacotherapy of OCOPD, as well as in developing an individual strategy for its primary and secondary prevention.
Objective. Determination of the clinical and functional characteristics and immunological markers of the risk of developing isolated OCOPD and in combination with arterial hypertension (AH).
Methods. The study involved 235 patients: Group 1 (n=60, control) – healthy volunteers; Group 2 (n=35) – grade 1 OCOPD; Group 3 (n=50) – grade 2 OCOPD; Group 4 (n=40) – a combination of grade 2 OCOPD and AH; Group 5 (n=50) – isolated AH. The evaluation of the pulmonary function was performed using a computer spirograph Care Fusion from MicroLab UK (United Kingdom). The blood serum IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, MCP-1, FGF 2, TGF-b cytokine levels were determined by the method of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using kits and reagents (OOO Protein Contour, Vector-Best, Diatex-E, DIA-plus, Pharmacia diagnostika). To study the blood serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level, the sandwich-type solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using eBioscience reagent kit was used. The results of optical density were calculated using a multichannel spectrophotometer Dynatech MR 5000 (USA), wavelength 450 nanometers. Spirometry and immunological data were assessed in the groups using one-way ANOVA with intergroup comparisons using Dunnett’s test.
Results. For the first time, the features of clinical, functional and immunological manifestations of isolated OCOPD of varying severity and in combination with AH were established.
Study limitations. The study has regional (Samara region) and professional (according to the details of working conditions in the studied comparison groups) limitations.
Conclusion. The revealed clinical, functional and immunological features of OCOPD in its isolated course depending on the severity and in combined comorbid course with AH can optimize the approach to early diagnostics, prognosis, prevention and pharmacotherapy of OCOPD.

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About the Authors

Sergey A. Babanov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology named after Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Professor V.V. Kosarev, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia; s.a.babanov@mail.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1667-737X (corresponding author)
Leonid A. Strizhakov, Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Medicine, Moscow, Russia; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2291-6453
Natalya E. Lavrentieva, Samara State Medical University, Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology named after Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Professor V.V. Kosarev, Samara, Russia; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-0328
Vyacheslav S. Lotkov, Samara State Medical University, Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology named after Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Professor V.V. Kosarev, Samara, Russia; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3995-6988
Marina Y. Vostroknutova, Samara City Hospital No. 5, Samara, Russia; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6427-8170
Irina N. Vasina, Samara City Hospital No. 5, Samara, Russia; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1125-0171
Andrew S. Babanov, Medical University “REAVIZ”, Samara, Russia; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5053-9790
Maria S. Artemieva, Samara State Medical University, Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology named after Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Professor V.V. Kosarev, Samara, Russia; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1603-8226

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