Hypoxia: mechanisms, pathophysiological consequences and therapeutic prospects
Kashirskaya E.I., Shvechikhina E.R., Mamkurbanova Z.G., Vyazgina E.V., Alexandrova U.N., Ivanova N.O.
In modern pathophysiology, hypoxia is considered not only as a consequence of respiratory, vascular, hematological, and metabolic disorders, but also as an active regulator of cellular programs. The aim of the article is to summarize current concepts regarding the classification of hypoxia, its molecular mechanisms, pathophysiological consequences, and therapeutic possibilities for modulating the hypoxic response. The work is presented in the format of a narrative literature review. After a sequential selection process, 34 most significant publications reflecting the fundamental and clinical aspects of the problem were included in the final analysis. It has been shown that HIF‑dependent signaling pathways, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic restructuring, and hypoxamiRs (hypoxia‑induced microRNAs), occupy a central place in the oxygen response. The conclusion is drawn regarding the dual role of hypoxia as both a damaging factor and a trigger for adaptation, which necessitates a personalized approach to its diagnosis and correction.
For citations: Kashirskaya E.I., Shvechikhina E.R., Mamkurbanova Z.G., Vyazgina E.V., Alexandrova U.N., Ivanova N.O. Hypoxia: mechanisms, pathophysiological consequences and therapeutic prospects. Pharmateca. 2026;33(7):31-38. (In Russ.). DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/pharmateca.2026.7.31-38
Authors’ contribution: Z.G. Mamkurbanova – data collection and analysis database creation, and preparation of the initial manuscript. E.I. Kashirskaya – development of the study concept and design, methodological support, scientific supervision, editing, and critical review of the manuscript. E.R. Shvechikhina – development of the research concept and design, methodological support, participation in data collection, data validation. E.V. Vyazgina – data collection and analysis, validation of research results, and critical review of the manuscript. U.N. Alexandrova – material processing, text writing. Ivanova N.O. – text writing, editing. All authors have read and approved the final version of the article and are responsible for all aspects of the work.
Conflicts of interest: The authors confirm that they have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Funding: All authors received no financial support for this manuscript.
Keywords
hypoxia
hypoxemia
HIF
angiogenesis
mitochondria
hypoxamiRs
About the Authors
Elena I. Kashirskaya, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Neonatology, Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia; kmn2001@mail.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-543XElena R. Shvechikhina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Neonatology, Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia; ya.shelrud@yandex.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4087-1743 (corresponding author)
Zalina G. Mamkurbanova, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Neonatology, Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia; zalinamamkurbanova02@mail.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0356-2300
Elena V. Vyazgina, Assistant Professor at the Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Neonatology, Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia; vityalena-30@yandex.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2705-5478
Ulyana N. Alexandrova, Head of the Department, Children’s City Polyclinic No. 3, Astrakhan, Russia; u.n.alex@mail.ru, ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1515-0368
Natalia O. Ivanova, Functional Diagnostics Doctor, New Polyclinic–Astrakhan; Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia;
naolivivanova@yandex.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7529-2639
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