The contribution of immunodiagnostics to the detection of tuberculosis in adults from a rural tuberculosis infection foci

Mordyk A.V., Romanova M.A., Bagisheva N.V., Shapran A.A., Tretyakov G.V., Kolpakova T.A.

1) Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia; 2) Omsk Central District Hospital, Omsk, Russia; 3) Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia

Background: As tuberculosis incidence declines, screening risk groups, including contacts of adult tuberculosis patients from fa-mily, related, territorial, and industrial foci, is becoming increasingly important to prevent the spread of infection.
Objective: Evaluation of the contribution of immunodiagnostics to tuberculosis detection in adults from a rural tuberculosis infection foci.
Materials and methods: In the Omsk District of the Omsk Region, 23 tuberculosis infection foci (family, related, industrial, and territorial) were retrospectively analyzed in 2024. Of these, 12 were MBT+ (MDR-7) (2 were identified using the genotypic method), and 11 were MBT-(-). A total of 307 contacts were examined. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 10.0 software package.
Results: In 2024, 59 patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis were registered among adults in the Omsk District of the Omsk Region. A total of 23 tuberculosis infection sites were analyzed in detail, including 12 MBT (positive) sites and 11 MBT (negative) sites (11 territorial, 8 industrial, 3 familial, and 1 related). A total of 307 adults were examined. Tests with recombinant tuberculosis allergen were administered to 91 individuals who had been in contact with tuberculosis (TB) patients, with results assessed after 72 hours (negative results in 61, doubtful results in 6, and positive results in 24). Chest X-rays revealed changes in 25 patients. Based on the results of the central medical advisory commission of the tuberculosis dispensary, 4 patients were diagnosed with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis.
Conclusion: The use of immunodiagnostics in screening contacts in tuberculosis infection sites allows to identify high-risk groups, involve them in additional testing, ensure timely diagnosis, or determine the timing of further follow-up.

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About the Authors

Anna V. Mordyk, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Phthisiology, Pulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia; amordik@mail.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6196-7256
Maria A. Romanova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Phthisiology, Pulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Omsk State Medical University; Omsk Central District Hospital, Omsk, Russia; rmari1@mail.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1775-607X
Natalya V. Bagisheva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor at the Department of Outpatient Therapy and Internal Diseases, Omsk State Medical University; Omsk Central District Hospital, Omsk, Russia; ppi100@mail.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3668-1023 (corresponding author)
Anna A. Shapran, Omsk State Medical University; Chief Physician, Omsk Central District Hospital, Omsk, Russia; anna-shapran@yandex.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6729-7116
Georgy V. Tretyakov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Phthisiology, Pulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia; gv.tretyakov58@gmail.com
Tatiana A. Kolpakova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Phthisiology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia

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