Analysis of the diet and strategy for optimizing nutrition in children in preschool organizations
M.V. Bogdanyants, M.V. Tretyakova, I.A. Temerev, V.A. Shuldays
Background: Despite the implementation of control and supervisory measures, there are problems with the balance of nutrition in preschool institutions and its completeness in terms of basic food components and energy value.
Objective: Evaluation of the macro- and micronutrient provision, caloric content of daily rations of children in preschool organizations, assessment of the nutrition balance.
Materials and methods: Mathematical and statistical calculations and comparative analysis of relative and absolute values were carried out using tabular methods, built-in statistical functions of Microsoft Excel, and an online calculator.
Results: The actual energy value of the diet for children in the nursery group is lower than the standard by 2.6%, and for the preschool group - by 4.9%, which is an acceptable deviation. In children under 3 years old, there is a moderate excess of protein consumption (by 11.9%), fats (by 6.4%), as well as a lack of carbohydrates (by 8%). In the diet of children from 3 to 7 years old, with a balance in fats, there is an excess of protein consumption (by 7%), a lack of carbohydrates (by 12%) compared to the norm. Significant deviations were found in micronutrients: calcium and iodine deficiencies are pronounced. The iodine supply of children is 50-57% of the norm. An imbalance in calcium and phosphorus was established: with a calcium deficiency (62%), there is an excess of phosphorus (26.4% in the younger group and 13.3% in the older group).
Conclusion: The study revealed an imbalance in children’s nutrition in terms of macro- and micronutrients, a moderate discrepancy in the provision of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and calories with the recommended standards, a significant imbalance of microelements: iodine and calcium deficiency, excess of phosphorus.
Findings: It is necessary to adjust the diet according to the 15-day menu to achieve balance and optimize the organized nutrition of children in a preschool institution.
For citations: Bogdanyants M.V., Tretyakova M.V., Temerev I.A., Shuldays V.A. Analysis of the diet and strategy for optimizing nutrition in children in preschool organizations. Farmateka. 2025;32(1-s1):72-77. (In Russ.). DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/pharmateca.2025.1-s1.72-77
Authors’ contribution: M.V. Bogdanyants – study concept and design, writing the text. M.V. Tretyakova, I.A. Temerev – collection and processing of material. V.A. Shuldays – editing.
Conflicts of interest: The authors confirm that they have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Funding: The study was conducted without any sponsorship.
Ethical Approval: . The study was carried out in accordance with the standards of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association and the «Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation».
Authors’ Data Sharing Statement: The data supporting the findings of this study are available upon request from the corresponding author after approval from the principal investigator.
Keywords
diet
macronutrients
micronutrients
iodine deficiency
About the Authors
Maya V. Bogdanyants, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Propaedeutics of Childhood Diseases, Outpatient and Emergency Pediatrics, Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia; bogdanmv1960@mail.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4130-4006 (corresponding author)Maria V. Tretyakova, 6th-year student, Faculty of Pediatrics, Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia; tretyakova.mary2015@ yandex.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1010-326
Igor A. Temerev, 6th-year student, Faculty of Pediatrics, Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia; igantem @gmail.com, ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7582-3453
Vladimir A. Shuldays, Chief Physician, Chief External Expert in Nutritiology of the Ministry of Health of the Astrakhan Region, Children’s City Polyclinic No. 4, Astrakhan, Russia; Shuldais@inboxl.ru, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-211-8246
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