Possibilities of diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection using recombinant tuberculosis allergen in patients with rheumatological diseases

Mordyk A.V., Romanova M.A., Nurgaleeva A.I., Bagisheva N.V., Shapran A.A., Moiseeva M.V., Shcherbakova L.E., Mazur A.I., Shatova P.S., Mordyk D.I., Kudlay D.A.

1) Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia; 2) Omsk Central District Hospital, Omsk, Russia; 3) National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Moscow, Russia; 4) Main Bureau of Medical and Social Assessment for the Omsk Region, Branch No. 17, Omsk, Russia; 5) I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; 6) State Scientific Center “Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency”, Moscow, Russia; 7) Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

Background. Against the background of the therapeutic effectiveness of genetically engineered biological preparations (GEBPs) that affect immune cells, patients with rheumatological diseases increase the risk of developing tuberculosis infection.
Objective. Evaluation of the role of immunodiagnostics and the results of a test with the recombinant tuberculosis allergen (RTA) in the detection of latent tuberculosis infection in rheumatological patients undergoing biological therapy.
Methods. 26 outpatient records of patients in the Omsk district of the Omsk region for 2020–2023, receiving biological therapy for the treatment of rheumatological diseases were analyzed, and the prevalence of tuberculosis infection among these patients was assessed.
Results. Of the 26 patients, latent tuberculosis infection was diagnosed in 5 (19.23%) patients based on the examination. In 4 out of 5 patients, the RTA test was positive: a moderate reaction in 2 – 6 and 9 mm, a pronounced reaction in 1 – 14 mm, a hyperergic reaction in 1 patient – 15 mm, 1 patient – doubtful. By decision of the Central Medical Commission of the Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary, patients were given a preventive course of anti-tuberculosis therapy. During the follow-up period, the study group managed to avoid the development of active tuberculosis infection and continue treatment of the underlying disease using genetic engineering biological therapy.

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About the Authors

Corresponding author: Natalya V. Bagisheva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Outpatient Therapy and Internal Medicine, Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia; ppi100@mail.ru

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